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''Kasparov's Gambit'' or simply ''Gambit'' is a chess playing computer program created by Heuristic Software and published by Electronic Arts in 1993 based on Socrates II, the only winner of the North American Computer Chess Championship running on a common microcomputer.〔Wall, Bill. (ACM Computer Chess ). Consulted on September 6, 2012〕 It was designed for DOS while Garry Kasparov reigned as world champion, whose involvement and support was its key allure.〔Kasparov's Gambit. (Moby Games ). Consulted on September 6, 2012〕 ==History== Julio Kaplan, chessplayer, computer programmer, and owner of the company 'Heuristic Software', first developed Heuristic Alpha in 1990-91.〔(Heuristic Alpha ). CPW Chess Programming Wiki. Consulted on September 19, 2012.〕 The original version evolved into ''Socrates'' with the help of other chess players and programmers including Larry Kaufman and Don Dailey, who, later, were also developers of ''Kasparov's Gambit''.〔Julio Kaplan (Chess Programming Wiki ) Retrieved on September 6, 2012〕 Improvements to ''Socrates'' were reflected in a version called ''Titan'', renamed for competition as ''Socrates II'',〔Socrates. (Chess Programming Wiki ) Retrieved on Sempember 6, 2012〕 the most successful of the series winning the 1993 ACM International Chess Championship.〔ACM 1993 (Chess Programming Wiki ). Retrieved on September 6, 2012〕 During the course of the championship ''Socrates II'', which was running on a stock 486 PC, defeated opponents with purpose-built hardware and software for playing chess, including HiTech〔HiTech (Chess Programming Wiki ). Retrieved on Septembre 6, 2012〕 and Cray Blitz.〔Cray Blitz (Chess Programming Wiki )〕 Electronic Arts purchased ''Socrates II'' and hired its creators to build a new product, ''Kasparov's Gambit'', including Kasparov as consultant and brand. It was the company's effort to enter the chess programs market, dominated at the time by ''Chessmaster 3000'' and ''Blitz''. In 1993 it went on sale, but contained a number of bugs, so was patched at the end of that year. The patched version ran at about 75% of the speed of ''Socrates II'' which was quite an achievement considering the whole functionality of the software was sharing the same computer resources.〔Kasparov's Gambit. (Chess Programming Wiki ). Retrieved on September 6, 2012〕 In 1993 it competed in the Harvard Cup (six humans versus six programs) facing grandmasters who had ratings ranging from 2515 to 2625 ELO,.〔(Comp Kasparov's Gambit ). 365Chess.com. Consulted on September 19, 2012.〕 It finished the competition in 12th and last place. Grandmasters took the first five places and another ''Socrates'' derivation - ''Socrates Exp'' - was the best program finishing in 6th place. 〔Harvard Cup 1993. (Computershaak ). Retrieved on September 19, 2012.〕 According to team-developer, Eric Schiller, a Windows version was planned by Electronic Arts, but was never finished.〔Schiller, Eric. (1996). (Kasparov's Gambit vs. CM4000 ). Newsgroup rec.games.chess.computer. Retrieved on September 19, 2012.〕 Excluding chess-style board games like Archon: The Light and the Dark (1983) or Battle Chess II: Chinese Chess (2002), Kasparov's Gambit remains the sole effort of Electronic Arts to enter the classic chess software market. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kasparov's Gambit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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